Hipp, J. R., Jannetta, J., Shah, R.,& Turner, S. (2009).
Crime & Delinquency.

This article was produced by researchers with the Center for Evidence-Based Corrections using data provided by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). Researchers analyzed data from a sample of parolees released from California prisons in either2005 or 2006, examining the relative physical closeness to providers of social services, self-sufficiency services (financial, transportation,employment, education, etc.), family and housing services, and community and networking services. The study focused on “potential demand” for these services, measured as the number of parolees within two miles of a provider. Researchers found that service providers geographically close to parolees who are racial and ethnic minorities have greater potential demand and that parolees who are sex offenders, have spent more time in correctional institutions, or have been convicted of more serious or violent crimes live near fewer social services, or the providers near them appear impacted by potential demand.

Link: http://cad.sagepub.com/content/early/2008/08/14/0011128708322856.abstract